The term 'Southern Chain' is a reference to the ANDES mountain range, which is located in South America. The ANDES are the longest continental mountain range in the world, stretching over 4, 500 miles from Venezuela to Chile. The mountain range is home to some of the highest peaks in the world, including Aconcagua, which is the highest peak outside of Asia. The ANDES are also home to many unique species of plants and animals, as well as numerous cultural sites.