The Scottish Royal Family is a line of monarchs that have ruled Scotland since the Middle Ages. The most prominent members of this family are the Stuarts, Stewarts, and Stuarts. The Stuart dynasty began in 1371 with Robert II and ended in 1714 with Anne. The Stewart dynasty began in 1371 with Robert III and ended in 1788 with Henry IX. The Stuarts were the longest reigning royal family in Scotland, ruling for over 300 years. The Stewarts and Stuarts were both branches of the same family, with the Stewarts being the senior branch.