The Scale of Mineral Hardness, also known as the Mohs scale, is a system used to measure the hardness of minerals. It was created by German mineralogist Friedrich Mohs in 1812 and is based on the ability of one mineral to scratch another. The scale ranges from 1 to 10, with 1 being the softest and 10 being the hardest. Diamond is the hardest mineral, rated at 10, while talc is the softest, rated at 1. The scale is widely used in geology and mineralogy.