The Republic of the Mediterranean is a term used to refer to the nation of Lebanon. It is located in the Middle East, bordered by Syria, Israel, and the Mediterranean Sea. The capital city is Beirut and the official language is Arabic. The population is estimated to be around 6 million people. Lebanon is known for its diverse religious and cultural heritage, with 18 recognized religious sects. It is also home to some of the world's oldest cities, such as Byblos and Tyre.