Pre-Columbian Peru was home to the INCA, an ancient civilization that flourished in the region from the 12th to 16th centuries. The INCA were renowned for their advanced engineering and agricultural techniques, as well as their impressive architecture. They built a vast network of roads and bridges, and developed a complex system of irrigation canals. They also constructed many impressive monuments, including Machu Picchu, which is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The INCA were also known for their sophisticated art and craftsmanship, which included pottery, textiles, and metalwork.