The INCA Empire, also known as the Peruvian Empire of Old, was a powerful pre-Columbian empire that ruled over much of western South America from the 1400s to the mid-1500s. It was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America and was renowned for its advanced political and social organization, its impressive architecture, and its complex road system. The INCA Empire was centered around the modern-day country of Peru and extended into parts of modern-day Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina.