The term PERUVIAN ANCIENT refers to the Incan, INCA, and ALPACA civilizations that existed in Peru before the Spanish conquest. The Incan civilization was the largest pre-Columbian empire in South America, stretching from modern-day Ecuador to Chile. The INCA were a people who lived in the Andes Mountains of Peru and Bolivia and were the ruling class of the Incan Empire. The ALPACA were an ancient Peruvian people who were known for their skill in weaving and spinning. All three of these civilizations had a significant impact on the culture and history of Peru.