Urban was one of eight Popes who reigned during the 11th century. He was a French cleric who was elected to the papacy in 1088 and served until his death in 1099. He is best known for his involvement in the Investiture Controversy, a dispute between the Church and the Holy Roman Empire over the right to appoint bishops. He also played a major role in the First Crusade, which was launched in 1095.