The Old Testament Judge is a term used to describe a figure in the Bible who was responsible for making decisions and judgments. Two of the most famous Old Testament Judges were ELI and Samuel. ELI was a priest and judge in Israel during the 11th century BC and was known for his wisdom and piety. Samuel was a prophet, priest, and judge in Israel during the 11th and 12th centuries BC and was known for his leadership and faithfulness.