The term of Ancient Peru is often associated with the Incan Empire, which was a powerful South American civilization that flourished from the 12th to 16th centuries. The Incans were known for their advanced agricultural techniques, impressive architecture, and complex political and religious systems. They were also renowned for their extensive road network, which connected the various parts of their empire. The Incans were eventually conquered by the Spanish in the 16th century, but their legacy still lives on in the culture and traditions of modern-day Peru.