The term 'crucial arteries' refers to the aortae, which are two major blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. The aortae are the largest arteries in the human body and are responsible for supplying oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. They are composed of three layers: the intima, media, and adventitia. The aorta is divided into the ascending aorta, the arch of the aorta, and the descending aorta. The aortae are essential for the functioning of the cardiovascular system and any disruption to them can have serious consequences.