The capital of Rhode Island is PROVIDENCE, which has 10 letters. PROVIDENCE is the largest city in Rhode Island and the third-largest city in New England. It is located at the mouth of the PROVIDENCE River on Narragansett Bay. PROVIDENCE was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams, a religious exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. It is home to eight hospitals and seven institutions of higher learning, making it an important center for medicine and education.