The capital of Kansas is Topeka, a city with a population of 127, 000 people. It is located along the Kansas River in the northeast part of the state and is the state's fourth-largest city. Topeka was founded in 1854 and became the capital of Kansas in 1861. It is home to many historic sites, including the Brown v. Board of Education National Historic Site, which commemorates the 1954 Supreme Court decision that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.