Biathletes do it by skiing and shooting. Biathlon is a winter sport that combines cross-country skiing and rifle shooting. It originated in Norway in the late 18th century and was originally used as a military exercise. The modern version of the sport has been an Olympic event since 1960. Biathletes SKI around a course and stop at designated points to shoot at targets. The winner is the athlete who completes the course in the shortest amount of time.