The term ATOM COMPONENT refers to the two main components of an atom, which are the proton and the ELECTRON. The proton is a positively charged particle with a mass of 1.6726 x 10-27 kg and a charge of 1.6 x 10-19 coulombs. The ELECTRON is a negatively charged particle with a mass of 9.109 x 10-31 kg and a charge of -1.6 x 10-19 coulombs. Together, these two particles make up the atom and are responsible for its structure and behavior.