Sir Vivian Fuchs was a British explorer who led the first successful land crossing of Antarctica in 1958. Sir Ernest Shackleton was an Anglo-Irish explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic, most famously the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914-1917. Captain James COOK was a British explorer, navigator, and cartographer who made three voyages to the Pacific Ocean, during which he mapped many areas and recorded several islands and coastlines. Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd was an American naval officer and aviator who made several expeditions to Antarctica, including the first flight over the South Pole in 1929. Lastly, Sir James Clark Ross was a British Royal Navy officer and explorer who explored the Arctic regions between 1818 and 1833. All five of these explorers have made significant contributions to Antarctic exploration.