The Andean Ancient term refers to the ancient civilizations of South America, particularly those in the Andes Mountains. The INCA were the most powerful of these civilizations, and their empire stretched from modern-day Ecuador to Chile. The Incas were known for their advanced architecture, agriculture, and engineering. They also had a complex system of government and religion. The Incas used llamas and alpacas as pack animals, and they cultivated OCA, a root vegetable, for food. The vicuña was another animal important to the Incas, as its wool was used to make clothing. Peru is the modern-day country that encompasses much of the former INCA Empire.