The Ancient Peruvians were a civilization that existed in South America from around 1200 to 1532. They are most commonly known as the INCA, and their empire was called the Incan Empire. The Incas were the largest pre-Columbian civilization in the Americas, and their culture was highly advanced. The Incas were also known as Incans or INCA, and their language was Quechua. They were known for their impressive architecture, including the famous Machu Picchu, and their complex system of roads and bridges.