The term 'Ancient Jew' can be summarized by the 8-letter word 'PHARISEE'. The Pharisees were a Jewish sect that existed during the Second Temple period in Judea, which lasted from 516 BCE to 70 CE. They were known for their strict adherence to the laws of the Torah and their belief in the resurrection of the dead. They were also influential in the development of rabbinic Judaism and the formation of the Talmud.