Varnish is a type of coating used to protect and enhance the appearance of wood, metal, and other surfaces. The ingredients used to make varnish include RESIN, COPAL, SHELLAC, ELEMI, LAC, ROSIN, MASTIC, and tungoil. RESIN is a natural or synthetic compound that is used as an adhesive or sealant. COPAL is a type of RESIN derived from tree sap. SHELLAC is a type of RESIN secreted by the female LAC bug. ELEMI is a type of RESIN obtained from the ELEMI tree. LAC is a type of RESIN secreted by the LAC insect. ROSIN is a type of RESIN obtained from pine trees. MASTIC is a type of RESIN obtained from the MASTIC tree. Tungoil is a type of oil obtained from the tung tree. All of these ingredients are used to create a protective and decorative finish on various surfaces.