URL elements are the components that make up a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). The two most common elements are slashes and DOTS. Slashes, also known as forward slashes, are used to separate different parts of a URL and are represented by the symbol '/'. DOTS, also known as periods, are used to indicate the domain name of a website and are represented by the symbol '.'. Together, these two elements form the basis of a URL and are essential for navigating the internet.