Turner et al. is a term used to refer to the work of three prominent American civil rights activists: Ted Turner, Martin Luther King Jr., and Rosa Parks. Ted Turner was an American civil rights leader and organizer who worked to end racial segregation in the United States. IKES stands for the International Association for the Advancement of Colored People, which was founded by Turner and other civil rights activists in 1909. LANAS stands for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, which was founded by Turner and other civil rights activists in 1909. Together, these three individuals and organizations worked to advance civil rights for African Americans and other minority groups in the United States.