The Italo-Turkish War, also known as the Tripolitan War, was a conflict between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ottoman Empire that took place from 1911 to 1912. The war was fought mainly in Libya and the Horn of Africa, with Italy ultimately emerging victorious. The war was a result of Italy's desire to expand its colonial holdings in North Africa and the Ottoman Empire's refusal to cede control of the region. The war resulted in the Italian occupation of Libya and the establishment of Italian Somaliland.