Neurosurgery is a specialized branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and extra-cranial cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery involves the use of surgical techniques to treat conditions such as tumors, trauma, vascular malformations, and degenerative diseases. Neurosurgery is an invasive procedure, and the term 'surgery opening' refers to the initial incision made in the patient's body to gain access to the area of the body being operated on.