The term 'spinal column segment' refers to a VERTEBRA, which is an individual bone in the spine. A VERTEBRA is made up of a body, a vertebral arch, and several processes. The vertebral arch is composed of two pedicles and two laminae, and the processes include the spinous process, transverse processes, and articular processes. Together, these bones form the spinal column, which provides support and protection for the spinal cord.