Qatar is an example of an EMIRATE, which is a type of political unit that is ruled by a hereditary monarch. It is a small country located in the Middle East on the Arabian Peninsula and is bordered by Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf. Qatar is known for its oil and gas reserves, as well as its modern infrastructure and high standard of living. It is also home to the world's third-largest natural gas reserves and the world's largest single-site liquefied natural gas facility.