The province of ancient Rome referred to in the crossword solution is ASIA, which was one of the two provinces of the Roman Empire. It was located in what is now modern-day Turkey and included parts of the Middle East, including Syria, Palestine, and Jordan. ASIA was the largest of the two provinces and was the most important in terms of trade and commerce. It was also home to some of the most influential cities in the Roman Empire, such as Ephesus and Smyrna.