Otto Preminger was an Austrian-born American filmmaker who directed over 40 feature films in a career spanning five decades. He is best known for his noir films such as Laura (1944) and Anatomy of a Murder (1959), as well as the musicals Carmen Jones (1954) and Porgy and Bess (1959). Preminger was also noted for pushing the boundaries of censorship by dealing with topics which were controversial for their time, such as drug addiction in The Man with the Golden Arm (1955) and homosexuality in Advise & Consent (1962).