The term 'point of maximum Earth-Moon separation' refers to the APOGEE, which is the point in the Moon's orbit when it is farthest away from Earth. APOGEE is a six-letter word that is used to describe this phenomenon. The APOGEE is the opposite of the perigee, which is the point in the Moon's orbit when it is closest to Earth. This phenomenon occurs due to the gravitational pull of the Sun and other celestial bodies on the Moon, which causes its orbit to be elliptical. The APOGEE and perigee occur at different points in the Moon's orbit, and the distance between them varies over time.