Pilates targets the abdominal muscles, or abs, which are a group of muscles located in the front and sides of the torso. Pilates is an exercise system designed to improve strength, flexibility, and posture. It focuses on core strength and stability, and the abs are one of the main muscle groups targeted during Pilates workouts. The abs are important for providing stability and balance to the body, and strengthening them can help improve posture and reduce back pain.