New Guinea is an island located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, east of Indonesia. It is divided into two parts: the eastern half is known as Papua New Guinea and the western half is known as West Papua. The eastern half, Papua New Guinea, is the larger of the two and is a sovereign state. It is home to over 8 million people and is the world's second-largest island country. The capital of Papua New Guinea is Port Moresby. The country is rich in natural resources, including minerals, timber, and fish. It is also home to many unique species of flora and fauna.