The term Neanderthal Dwelling refers to the caves that Neanderthals lived in. Neanderthals were an extinct species of humans that lived in Europe and parts of Asia from about 400, 000 to 40, 000 years ago. They built their dwellings in caves, which provided shelter from the elements and protection from predators. The crossword solution for Neanderthal Dwelling is 'CAVE, ' which is a four-letter word.