The MARINER probes were a series of robotic interplanetary probes launched by NASA in the 1960s and 1970s. The probes were designed to explore the planets of the Solar System, with the first mission, MARINER 2, being the first successful flyby of Venus. The probes were also used to study the Moon, Mars, and Jupiter. The MARINER probes provided valuable data on the composition and structure of the planets they visited, as well as their atmospheres and magnetic fields.