Modern-day MESOPOTAMIA is an area in the Middle East that includes parts of Iraq, Syria, and Turkey. The term 'MESOPOTAMIA' is derived from two Greek words meaning 'between rivers, ' referring to the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The region is known for its rich cultural history, having been home to some of the earliest civilizations in the world. In modern times, Iraq is the primary country associated with MESOPOTAMIA, as it makes up the majority of the region.