The Osage are a Native American tribe that historically lived in the Missouri River valley in what is now the state of Missouri. They were one of the largest and most powerful tribes in the region, and their population was estimated to be around 10, 000 in the early 19th century. The Osage were known for their fierce warrior culture and their skill in hunting and fishing. Today, the Osage Nation is headquartered in Oklahoma and has a population of over 20, 000 members.