Malta is a Mediterranean island country located in the central Mediterranean between Sicily and the North African coast. It is the smallest of the EU member states, with an area of just over 316 km2. Malta has a long history, having been inhabited since around 5200 BC. It has been ruled by various powers throughout its history, including the Phoenicians, Romans, Arabs, Normans, Aragonese, Knights of St. John, French, and British. Malta gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1964 and became a republic in 1974. Today, Malta is a popular tourist destination, known for its warm climate, numerous historical sites, and vibrant culture.