A shaper is a type of machine tool used to shape metal and other materials. It works by using a reciprocating ram to press a cutting tool against the material, which is then moved in a linear direction to create the desired shape. The shaper is similar to a lathe in that it can be used to create complex shapes, but it is more limited in its capabilities. The shaper is often used for creating parts with straight edges, such as gears, splines, and keyways.