In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a process in which an egg cell, or OVUM, is fertilized outside of the body. The OVUM is combined with sperm in a laboratory setting, and the resulting embryo is then transferred to the uterus. IVF is often used when couples are unable to conceive naturally due to infertility or other medical issues. It is also used for individuals who wish to become pregnant without a partner.