Munich is the capital and largest city of Germany, with a population of over 1.5 million people. It is located in Bavaria and is known for its cultural attractions, such as the Oktoberfest beer festival. Bonn is a city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, located on the banks of the Rhine River. It was the capital of West Germany from 1949 to 1990 and is now a major cultural center. Emden is a port city in Lower Saxony, located at the mouth of the Ems River. It is an important industrial and commercial center, and is also known for its shipbuilding industry.