Ergot is a fungus that affects cereal crops, such as rye, wheat, and barley. It is caused by the fungus Claviceps purpurea, which produces alkaloid toxins that can cause serious health problems in humans and animals. SEMIS is another type of fungus that affects cereal crops, specifically oats. It is caused by the fungus Ustilago avenae, which produces toxins that can cause crop losses and health problems in humans and animals. Both ERGOT and SEMIS can be controlled through proper crop management and the use of fungicides.