The term 'Former Russian Autocrat' refers to a CZAR or TSAR, both of which are titles used by the monarchs of Russia from the 10th century until the 1917 revolution. A CZAR is a male ruler and a Tsarina is a female ruler. Both terms are derived from the Latin word Caesar, meaning emperor. The Czars and Tsars were absolute rulers who held complete power over their subjects. They were often seen as autocrats, ruling with an iron fist and without regard for the wishes of their people.