Folklore Persian is a term used to describe the traditional stories, beliefs, and customs of the people of Iran. The most famous example of Folklore Persian is the story of Ali Baba, a character from the One Thousand and One Nights collection of Middle Eastern folk tales. Ali Baba is a poor woodcutter who discovers a hidden cave filled with treasure, guarded by a band of forty thieves. He uses his wits to outsmart the thieves and keep the treasure for himself.