The term 'FILES A CASE AGAINST' can be summarized as 'suing someone'. This is a legal term that refers to the process of initiating a lawsuit against another person or entity. It involves filing a complaint in court, which outlines the reasons why the plaintiff believes they have been wronged and should be compensated. The defendant then has the opportunity to respond to the complaint and defend themselves. If the court finds in favor of the plaintiff, they may be awarded damages or other forms of relief.