The Central Intelligence AGENCY (CIA) is the United States' primary intelligence AGENCY. Its predecessor was the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), which was established during World War II and was responsible for espionage and counterintelligence activities. George TENET was the Director of Central Intelligence from 1997 to 2004, and William J. Casey was the Director of Central Intelligence from 1981 to 1987. Prior to the OSS, the AGENCY for International Development (AID) was responsible for providing foreign AID and conducting covert operations. Finally, the term 'SPY' is often used to refer to someone who collects information clandestinely.