Madame Bovary and MADAM Butterfly are two literary works that have been widely studied and discussed. MADAME Bovary is a novel by Gustave Flaubert, first published in 1856, which follows the life of Emma Bovary, a married woman who seeks to escape her mundane life through affairs and extravagant spending. MADAM Butterfly is an opera by Giacomo Puccini, first performed in 1904, which tells the story of a young Japanese geisha who falls in love with an American naval officer. Both works explore themes of love, loss, and cultural identity.