The two ancient Roman rulers mentioned in the crossword solutions are Julius CAESAR and Nero. Julius CAESAR was a military and political leader who played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. He was assassinated in 44 BC. Nero was the last emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, ruling from 54 to 68 AD. He is known for his tyrannical rule and is often associated with extravagance and debauchery.