Thebes was an ancient Greek or Egyptian city located in the Nile Valley. It was the capital of the ancient Egyptian region of Upper Egypt and was one of the most powerful cities in the ancient world. Thebes was known for its grand temples, monuments, and tombs, and was home to many of the most famous Pharaohs of ancient Egypt. It was also a major cultural center and was home to some of the most influential writers and thinkers of the ancient world.