Dada was a 20th-century art movement that emerged in Zurich, Switzerland in 1916. It was an anti-war and anti-bourgeois movement that sought to challenge the traditional values of society through absurdist and nihilistic art. Purism was a French art movement that began in the early 20th century. It was characterized by its use of geometric shapes and its focus on the purity of form. ASHCAN was an American art movement that began in the early 1900s. It was known for its gritty depictions of everyday life in urban America. Neo was a prefix used to describe a variety of 20th-century art movements, such as Neo-Impressionism, Neo-Expressionism, and Neo-Cubism. These movements sought to revive and reinterpret the styles of their predecessors.