In 1978, the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to ANWAR Sadat of Egypt, Menachem BEGIN of Israel, Eisaku Sato of Japan, and Desmond TUTU of South Africa. ANWAR Sadat was the President of Egypt from 1970 to 1981, and he was the first Arab leader to recognize the state of Israel. Menachem BEGIN was the Prime Minister of Israel from 1977 to 1983, and he was the first Israeli leader to sign a peace treaty with an Arab country. Eisaku Sato was the Prime Minister of Japan from 1964 to 1972, and he was the first Japanese leader to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Desmond TUTU was an anti-apartheid activist in South Africa, and he was the first black African to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.